just renaming a list is not a problem, internally it works with list GUIDs.
however note, that you can change just display name (ie. text presented to users), you can not change internal name (ie. list URL will not change)
you might get into troubles if you dropped the list. despite you recreated it with the same name it would get different ID
Thank you, How do I change the display name only?
For example by going to the list settings -> name, description and navigation
This will only change the display name of the list. The internal name (the name you've chosen while creating the list in the first place) as Marian Hatala mentioned, will remain the same.
There are many other ways to achieve the same goal (like PowerShell, SharePoint Designer) but this is probably the easiest/fastest.
Regards
Philipp