Symptoms
Wanting to emulate SharePoint designer's action.
Diagnoses
Currently there is no single event that can achieve this, but it is possible with some Management SmartObjects calls.
Resolution
There are two possible ways to achieve this. One is to use the SmartObject method "Workflow.Management.Activity" -> "Goto Activity" to force the workflow to a dummy event at the end of the workflow. When the workflow passes the dummy it will go into the ideal "Completed" state and cease to be active.
Another way is to use the SmartObject method "Workflow.Management.ProcessInstanceInfo" -> "Remove" to halt the workflow instance. You can pass in a parameter to save log data for reporting purposes, and the workflow will show up as "Deleted".
Both SmartObjects are found in "SystemManagementWorkflowsSmartObjects". To use them in a workflow, they must be given scope via the Manage SmartObjects page.