Perhaps my question has the same answer as your question: in my farm deleted sites are not cleaned up from the `View database mappings' page. I removed workflow data before removing the sites. I also tried deactivating the Nintex features, but the site is still shown on the View database mappings site.
I still see the workflows from the deleted sites in the table dbo.PublishedWorkflows, but the tables dbo.ContentDBMapping, dbo.NWL_Sitemapping do not contain a reference do these deleted sites. Purging the site from SPDeletedSites does not help.
I'm not sure why you are seeing these mappings after removing the old site, It could be the steps you took to deactivate the sites or it could be that Nintex doesn't have a way to do this in the event that the sit is removed.
In my development site, and occasionally in QA or Production environments, I have the need to manually remove Nintex mappings. I have not had any negative impacts from this. I have a 1 to 1 mapping of site collections to Content databases and each site has their own Nintex DB as well. So your queries may not be the same.
I first delete the site in Central Admin, then in Manage Content Databases I remove the DB from the web app (dismounting it).
Then I open sql server manager studio and run the following query, taking the databaseID from the Database table and running the delete commands on those entries in all 3 tables. After removing the mappings I delete the databases from SQL Server.
/****** You must be absolutely certain that the ID is the correct one or you'll need to restore from backups******/
use Nintex_Config
SELECT * FROM Nintex_Config].>dbo].>Storage] order by DatabaseID desc
SELECT * FROM Nintex_Config].>dbo].>ContentDbMapping] order by NWContentDbId desc
SELECT * FROM Nintex_Config].>dbo].>Databases] order by DatabaseID desc
/*
You best be sure this is right. This is the DatabaseID from the Databases table
Declare @DBID INT = 155
delete from rNintex_Config].idbo].bDatabases] where DatabaseID = @DBID
delete from rNintex_Config].idbo].storage where DataBaseID = @DBID
delete from rNintex_Config].idbo].bContentDbMapping] where NWContentDbId = @DBID
*/