Symptoms
A CSS error was getting caught by the developer tools when trying to load certain forms at runtime.
SCRIPT5009: 'Sys' is undefined
This was heavily degrading the rendering of forms.
Diagnoses
n/a
Resolution
Check the following keys to see if they have been disabled.
<add key="UseBundledFiles" value="false" />
<add key="Forms.PostRenderCombining.Enabled" value="false" />
Changing both of these to true in conjunction to giving Domain Users full control to the runtime folder resolved the rendering issues.